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Published studies on the compounds in every CYNQ product, each linked to the original paper so you can read it yourself.
Context, not claims. This page covers the ingredients themselves: their composition, standardization and formulation. It is not a claim that any CYNQ product treats, cures or prevents anything. CYNQ products are foods, not medicines.
COA library →Grouped by ingredient. Pick one on the left to jump to it.
Moringa oleifera, leaf
A fast-growing tree widely cultivated in tropical regions, with leaves that are dried and milled. These papers cover its composition, how the powder is formatted, and how leaf extracts are characterised in the lab.
Peer-reviewed review · Phytochemistry
A review of moringa leaf's amino acid, carotenoid and polyphenol profile, including quercetin, kaempferol and chlorogenic acid content.
Read the paper: Moringa oleifera: composition and phytochemical review (opens in a new tab)Peer-reviewed study · Format & acceptability
A study on how moringa leaf powder is processed, and how it's perceived across taste, texture and everyday use.
Read the paper: Moringa leaf powder: format and consumer acceptability (opens in a new tab)Peer-reviewed study · Cellular assay
Laboratory work measuring how moringa leaf extract interacts with cellular antioxidant defence systems in vitro.
Read the paper: Moringa leaf extract: antioxidant activity in cell models (opens in a new tab)Withania somnifera, root
A root from a shrub native to India and nearby regions. These papers cover its withanolide content and how root extracts are standardised and formulated.
NIH Office of Dietary Supplements · Fact sheet
A government fact sheet on ashwagandha's withanolide (steroidal lactone) content and how root extracts are standardized to a marker compound.
Read the paper: Withania somnifera: withanolide content and standardization (opens in a new tab)Peer-reviewed trial protocol · Formulation
On the manufacturing and dosing methodology behind a sustained-release, standardized ashwagandha root extract capsule.
Read the paper: Ashwagandha root extract: sustained-release formulation (opens in a new tab)Peer-reviewed study · Extraction methods
A methods paper describing how a proprietary ashwagandha root extract is produced and standardized for research use.
Read the paper: Ashwagandha root: proprietary extraction methodology (opens in a new tab)Hippophae rhamnoides, berry
A hardy shrub bearing small orange berries. These papers cover its fatty acid, polyphenol and flavonoid composition, and the analytical methods used to profile it.
Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · Review
A review of sea buckthorn berry's distinctive fatty-acid profile, including palmitoleic acid (omega-7), alongside its flavonoid content.
Read the paper: Hippophae rhamnoides: fatty acid and polyphenol composition (opens in a new tab)Peer-reviewed review · Phytochemistry
A review cataloguing sea buckthorn berry's isorhamnetin, quercetin and kaempferol content, alongside its other flavonoid classes.
Read the paper: Sea buckthorn: polyphenol and flavonoid compound classes (opens in a new tab)Peer-reviewed study · Analytical methods
On the analytical techniques used to profile sea buckthorn berry's metabolomic and phytosterol composition.
Read the paper: Sea buckthorn berry: metabolomic profiling methods (opens in a new tab)Arthrospira platensis, whole biomass
A cyanobacterium, commonly called blue-green algae, grown in ponds and tanks and dried into powder. These papers cover its protein, pigment and mineral composition and how it is formulated into foods.
Peer-reviewed review · Nutritional composition
A review of spirulina's amino-acid profile and its signature pigment-protein complex, phycocyanin.
Read the paper: Arthrospira platensis: protein and phycocyanin composition (opens in a new tab)Peer-reviewed review · Nutritional composition
A review of spirulina's amino-acid, vitamin and mineral composition profile as documented across the human-use literature.
Read the paper: Spirulina: amino-acid and mineral composition review (opens in a new tab)Peer-reviewed study · Food-matrix formulation
A methods paper on formulating spirulina into a food matrix (a fortified sauce) for nutrition research use.
Read the paper: Spirulina: fortified food-matrix formulation methods (opens in a new tab)Asparagus racemosus, root
A climbing plant whose roots are dried and ground. These papers cover its saponin profile and how root extracts are standardised.
Peer-reviewed methods · Phytochemistry
On the steroidal saponins (shatavarins I to V) and flavonoids present in shatavari root, and methods used to standardize root extracts.
Read the paper: Asparagus racemosus: shatavarin (steroidal saponin) profile (opens in a new tab)Peer-reviewed trial protocol · Extract standardization
On the extract-standardization and dosing methodology used in a randomized, placebo-controlled shatavari trial design.
Read the paper: Shatavari root extract: standardization and dosing protocol (opens in a new tab)Industry analysis · Market trends
An industry analysis of how shatavari's steroidal saponin (shatavarin) content is being standardized across the supplement market.
Read the paper: Shatavari: standardization trends in the supplement market (opens in a new tab)Lepidium meyenii, root
A root vegetable grown in the high Andes. These papers cover its macamide and glucosinolate composition, and how maca studies are designed and measured.
Peer-reviewed review · Phytochemistry
A review of maca root's secondary metabolites, including macamides, macaenes and glucosinolates, and how they vary by growing altitude.
Read the paper: Lepidium meyenii: macamide and glucosinolate composition (opens in a new tab)Peer-reviewed methods · Hormone-panel analysis
On the laboratory methodology used to measure serum reproductive hormone panels in maca root research.
Read the paper: Maca root: serum hormone-panel measurement methods (opens in a new tab)Systematic review · Study design & dosing
A systematic review cataloguing maca supplementation study designs and the 1.5g to 3.0g daily dosing ranges used in research.
Read the paper: Maca supplementation: study designs and dosing ranges (opens in a new tab)Theobroma cacao, bean
The seed of the cacao tree, used here as nibs. These papers cover its flavanol, phenolic and mineral composition.
Peer-reviewed review · Food chemistry
A review of cacao nib composition: flavan-3-ols (epicatechin, catechin), procyanidins and methylxanthines such as theobromine.
Read the paper: Theobroma cacao: flavanol and mineral composition (opens in a new tab)Peer-reviewed review · Flavanol chemistry
A review of the flavan-3-ol and methylxanthine (theobromine, caffeine) chemistry found in cacao nibs.
Read the paper: Cacao flavanols: epicatechin and methylxanthine chemistry (opens in a new tab)Peer-reviewed review · Compositional overview
A broad compositional review of cacao's procyanidin, phenolic and methylxanthine content across preparations.
Read the paper: Theobroma cacao: phenolic and methylxanthine profile (opens in a new tab)Cichorium intybus, root
A plant fibre extracted from chicory root. These papers cover inulin's chain structure and the methods used to study how it ferments.
Food Quality and Safety · Review
A review of chicory-root inulin's fructan chain length and how that structure affects fermentation by gut bacteria.
Read the paper: Cichorium intybus: inulin fructan structure and fermentation profile (opens in a new tab)Peer-reviewed study · SCFA methodology
On the analytical methods used to measure short-chain fatty acid production during inulin fermentation by gut bacteria.
Read the paper: Chicory inulin: short-chain fatty acid measurement methods (opens in a new tab)Peer-reviewed study · Fermentation biochemistry
A methods paper on the biochemical pathways studied during in vitro and in vivo inulin fermentation research.
Read the paper: Inulin fermentation: biochemical research methodology (opens in a new tab)This library covers published research on the ingredients and compounds CYNQ products contain. It is shared for educational context, not as a claim that any CYNQ product treats, cures or prevents any disease. CYNQ products are foods, not medicines.
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